Pedoman Penskoran
Setiap soal uraian (1-4) diberi skor maksimal 15 (1–15) sehingga skor total untuk keempat soal itu adalah 60 (4 x 15).
Khusus untuk soal nomor 5 dan 6, masing-masing diberi skor 20 karena bobot soal lebih tinggi (daripada soal 1-4) dengan berpedoman pada lima kriteria penilaian terjemahan berikut. Setiap kriteria diberi bobot nilai 4 sehingga nilai total untuk soal no. 5 (5 x 4 = 20) dan no. 6 (5 x 4 = 20) masing-masing adalah 20.
Kriteria Penilaian TSa:
- Meanings in the source language must be conveyed accurately in the target language, without loss of meanings. [Bobot nilai: 8]
- Pay attention to the readership of your translation (i.e. clarity). [Bobot nilai: 8]
- Be aware of the notion of register (i.e. vocabulary, style, grammatical features) and collocation both in the source language and the target language. [Bobot nilai: 8]
- Make sure that your translation is NOT read like a translation (i.e. naturalness). [Bobot nilai: 8]
- There are no such things as “free translation”. [Bobot nilai: 8]
Dengan demikian, maka skor total untuk kelima pertanyaan (1–5) adalah 100 (60 + 40).
Task
Bacalah TSu berikut dengan cermat, kemudian lakukan analisis secara komprehensif terhadap TSu itu untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut. Tulis jawaban Anda di file/kertas terpisah sebelum Anda cocokkan dengan Kunci Jawaban yang tersedia.
I am a British citizen – not a second-class citizen
Coming through passport control is an ordeal, I am followed on the street and hassled by security services. Not all citizens enjoy the same rights.
By Jamal Osman
'I have been detained, questioned and harassed almost every time I have passed through Heathrow airport.
In 10 years, only one of my colleagues has been stopped.' Photograph: David Franklin/Getty Images
If you are British and think that every British citizen enjoys the same rights, my story and those of thousands of others should convince you otherwise.
I arrived in Britain in 1999 having fled the civil war in my home country, Somalia. My asylum application was approved a year later. During that time I was given accommodation and a weekly food voucher worth £35. For this I will always be grateful.
As soon as I was permitted to seek employment I started looking for a job. I worked in a laundry, a warehouse and as a taxi driver – simply to survive. Later I trained to become a journalist.
I joined Channel 4 News as a reporter, largely covering Africa – a role that required frequent travelling. And that is when my nightmare at the hands of Britain's security services began. I have been detained, questioned and harassed almost every time I have passed through Heathrow airport. In 10 years, only one of my colleagues has been stopped.
During the past five years I have also been repeatedly approached by security services trying to "recruit" me. The incentives they offer range from a "handsome salary" or a "nice car" to a "big house". I have even been told that they "could help me marry four wives". I have declined all their offers. Their psychological tactics include telling me how easy it is for them to take away my British passport and destroy my career – and even my life.
I have received regular phone calls from people I believe to be Special Branch, who invite me for a "chat over coffee". "No thanks, I don't drink coffee," I reply.
As someone who appears on television regularly it is not unusual for strangers to greet you in the street or even ask questions about a particular story you've done. But the people who follow me on the street – the spies (I call them "the Vauxhall guys") – have a different approach. After introducing themselves by their first names they declare their interest. Would I like a chat and a coffee. It won't take long. Their hunting ground is London's Victoria station, which I use regularly.
I go to the EU and British passport holders' queue when returning through Heathrow airport; I observe with interest as fellow travellers file smoothly past border control. Yet when I approach, trouble always follows. "Where are you from?", "How did you obtain a British passport?", "Have you ever been in trouble with immigration?" I answer all their questions courteously and respectfully until the inevitable happens and the official says: "Take a seat, I will be back."
Returning from my most recent trip, I took my regular seat near the control desk. Half an hour later a grey-suited man sat next to me."Hello, how are you?" he asked. "Are you from Somalia? I hear from other Somalis that things are improving now. That is what I would like to talk to you about."
I told him that I didn't particularly want to talk about Somalia and that I just wanted to go home. "Don't try and be difficult," he snapped at me. "I'll detain you if you don't answer my questions." And so it continued for another 15 minutes, during which he continued with his threats and with calling me an "idiot" and a "bad person", claiming "you will die angry and the world would be a better place without people like you". Finally he compared me to "the racist thugs we are fighting".
If there is one thing I've learned from such encounters, it is that carrying a British passport doesn't necessarily make you feel British. I came to this country to seek sanctuary. I am a multi-award winning journalist. I am an immigrant and a refugee – but I am still made to feel like an asylum seeker.
I am a Muslim, an African and a Somali. And should the security services be reading this: I am a British citizen. Please treat me like one.
(http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/may/26/british-citizen-passport-control, diakses tgl 26/5/2014)
Pertanyaan:
1. Menurut Anda, termasuk jenis teks (discourse genre) apakah TSu tersebut di atas? Jelaskan!
2. Apa tujuan dan fungsi sosial TSu tersebut? Jelaskan!
3. Jelaskan secara detail tentang ciri-ciri kebahasaan TSu tersebut!
4. Jelaskan struktur/tata organisasi TSu tersebut!
5. Sekarang terjemahkan empat paragraf yang digarisbawahi ke bahasa Indonesia secara akurat, jelas, dan wajar dengan memperhatikan
Perhatikan beberapa kriteria penilaian teks terjemahan berikut:
- Meanings in the source language must be conveyed accurately in the target language, without loss of meanings.
- Pay attention to the readership of your translation (i.e. clarity)
- Be aware of the notion of register (i.e. vocabulary, style, grammatical features) and collocation both in the source language and the target language.
- Make sure that your translation is NOT read like a translation (i.e. naturalness)
- There are no such things as “free translation”.
6. Bagaimana Anda memecahkan masalah-masalah penerjemahan yang terdapat dalam setiap paragraf TSu vs TSa? Berikan alasan Anda.
Petunjuk Jawaban:
1) Teks sumber (TSu) tersebut dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam jenis teks naratif karena menceritakan serangkaian peristiwa yang terjadi pada penulis TSu pada masa lampau. [Skor maksimal 15 (1–15)]
2) Teks naratif tersebut bertujuan untuk menceritakan kepada para pembaca tentang pengalaman pribadi penulis TSu ketika ybs berurusan dengan pihak imigrasi Inggris terkait paspor yang dimilikinya.
Dilihat dari fungsi sosial TSu di atas, penulis TSu bertindak sebagai orang pertama (first person) yang menempatkan dirinya sebagai pihak yang berada di dalam teks atau sebagai tokoh yang terlibat secara langsung dalam cerita. Dengan kata lain, ia memainkan dua fungsi sekaligus, yaitu sebagai penulis TSu (source text writer) dan juga sebagai tokoh dalam cerita tersebut dengan menyebut dirinya I. [Skor maksimal 15 (1–15)]
3) Teks naratif tersebut di atas (TSu) memiliki sejumlah ciri kebahasaan berikut : [Skor maksimal 15 (1–15)]
| No | Ciri-ciri Gramatikal | Contoh |
| 1 | Past tense | - I arrived in Britain in 1999 ... - My asylum application was approved a year later. - ... I was given accommodation and a weekly food ... - As soon as I was permitted to seek employment I started looking for a job. - I worked in a laundry, ... - ... I trained to become a journalist. - dll. |
| 2 | Action verb | to come through, to arrive, to work, to train, to join, to pass through, dll. |
| 3 | Chronological order | a year later, during that time, as soon as, later, during the past five years, |
4) Analisis tata organisasi teks naratif di atas (TSu) dapat digambarkan sebagai berikut. [Skor maksimal 15 (1–15)]
| Setting | If you are British and think that every British citizen enjoys the same rights, my story and those of thousands of others should convince you otherwise. | |||
| Orientation | As soon as I was permitted to seek employment I started looking for a job. I worked in a laundry, a warehouse and as a taxi driver – simply to survive. Later I trained to become a journalist. I joined Channel 4 News as a reporter, largely covering Africa – a role that required frequent travelling. And that is when my nightmare at the hands of Britain's security services began. I have been detained, questioned and harassed almost every time I have passed through Heathrow airport. In 10 years, only one of my colleagues has been stopped. During the past five years I have also been repeatedly approached by security services trying to "recruit" me. The incentives they offer range from a "handsome salary" or a "nice car" to a "big house". I have even been told that they "could help me marry four wives". I have declined all their offers. Their psychological tactics include telling me how easy it is for them to take away my British passport and destroy my career – and even my life. I have received regular phone calls from people I believe to be Special Branch, who invite me for a "chat over coffee". "No thanks, I don't drink coffee," I reply. As someone who appears on television regularly it is not unusual for strangers to greet you in the street or even ask questions about a particular story you've done. But the people who follow me on the street – the spies (I call them "the Vauxhall guys") – have a different approach. After introducing themselves by their first names they declare their interest. Would I like a chat and a coffee. It won't take long. Their hunting ground is London's Victoria station, which I use regularly. | |||
| Conflication | I go to the EU and British passport holders' queue when returning through Heathrow airport; I observe with interest as fellow travellers file smoothly past border control. Yet when I approach, trouble always follows. "Where are you from?", "How did you obtain a British passport?", "Have you ever been in trouble with immigration?" I answer all their questions courteously and respectfully until the inevitable happens and the official says: "Take a seat, I will be back." Returning from my most recent trip, I took my regular seat near the control desk. Half an hour later a grey-suited man sat next to me."Hello, how are you?" he asked. "Are you from Somalia? I hear from other Somalis that things are improving now. That is what I would like to talk to you about." I told him that I didn't particularly want to talk about Somalia and that I just wanted to go home. "Don't try and be difficult," he snapped at me. "I'll detain you if you don't answer my questions." And so it continued for another 15 minutes, during which he continued with his threats and with calling me an "idiot" and a "bad person", claiming "you will die angry and the world would be a better place without people like you". Finally he compared me to "the racist thugs we are fighting". | |||
| Resolution | If there is one thing I've learned from such encounters, it is that carrying a British passport doesn't necessarily make you feel British. I came to this country to seek sanctuary. I am a multi-award winning journalist. I am an immigrant and a refugee – but I am still made to feel like an asylum seeker. | |||
| Reorientation | I am a Muslim, an African and a Somali. And should the security services be reading this: I am a British citizen. Please treat me like one. |
5) Berikut adalah satu versi terjemahan teks naratif tersebut. Ada lima kriteria yang digunakan ketika menilai terjemahan tersebut. Setiap kriteria diberi bobot nilai 4 sehingga nilai total untuk soal no. 5 sendiri adalah 20 (5 x 4).
| TSu | TSa |
| I go to the EU and British passport holders' queue when returning through Heathrow airport; I observe with interest as fellow travellers file smoothly past border control. Yet when I approach, trouble always follows. "Where are you from?", "How did you obtain a British passport?", "Have you ever been in trouble with immigration?" I answer all their questions courteously and respectfully until the inevitable happens and the official says: "Take a seat, I will be back." Returning from my most recent trip, I took my regular seat near the control desk. Half an hour later a grey-suited man sat next to me."Hello, how are you?" he asked. "Are you from Somalia? I hear from other Somalis that things are improving now. That is what I would like to talk to you about." I told him that I didn't particularly want to talk about Somalia and that I just wanted to go home. "Don't try and be difficult," he snapped at me. "I'll detain you if you don't answer my questions." And so it continued for another 15 minutes, during which he continued with his threats and with calling me an "idiot" and a "bad person", claiming "you will die angry and the world would be a better place without people like you". Finally he compared me to "the racist thugs we are fighting". If there is one thing I've learned from such encounters, it is that carrying a British passport doesn't necessarily make you feel British. I came to this country to seek sanctuary. I am a multi-award winning journalist. I am an immigrant and a refugee – but I am still made to feel like an asylum seeker. | Aku pergi ke Uni Eropa dan antrian para pemegang paspor Inggris ketika kembali melalui Bandara Udara Heathrow. Aku mengamati betul ketika orang-orang yang sedang malakukan perjalanan dapat melewati pemeriksaan paspor di perbatasan. Namun, ketika giliranku tiba, selalu saja ada masalah. 'Anda berasal dari mana?', 'Bagaimana Anda mendapatkan paspor Inggris?', 'Apakah Anda pernah berurusan dengan pihak imigrasi?' Aku menjawab semua pertanyaan mereka dengan sopan dan hormat hingga hal yang tak terduga terjadi dan petugas imigrasi itu berkata kepadaku: 'Silakan duduk, saya akan kembali.' Sekembali dari perjalanan yang terakhir, aku selalu disuruh duduk dekat meja pemeriksaan. Setengah jam kemudian, seorang pria menggenakan jas berwana abu-abu duduk di sampingku 'Halo, apa kabar?' ia bertanya. 'Anda dari Somalia? Saya dengar dari orang-orang Somalia bahwa sekarang situasi di sana sudah berangsur-angsur membaik. Masalah itu yang ingin saya bicarakan dengan Anda.' Aku katakan kepadanya bahwa aku sama sekali tidak ingin membicarakan tentang Somalia. Aku hanya ingin pulang ke rumah. 'Saya minta Anda tidak mempersulit,' ia menggertakku. 'Saya dapat menahan Anda jika Anda tidak menjawab pertanyaan saya.' Interogasi itu berlanjut selama 15 menit kemudian. Ia selalu mengancam dan memanggilku 'idiot' dan 'orang jahat'. 'Anda akan mati kelaparan dan tanpa orang seperti Anda dunia ini akan lebih baik'. Terakhir, ia membandingkanku dengan 'kekerasan berbau rasis yang sedang kami hadapi'. Ada sebuah pelajaran yang aku dapat dari kejadian tersebut, yaitu membawa paspor Inggris tidak selalu membuat Anda merasa sebagai orang Inggris. Kedatanganku ke negara ini adalah untuk mencari perlindungan. Aku adalah seorang wartawan yang berhasil memenangkan berbagai penghargaan. Aku seorang imigran dan pengungsi – tetapi aku masih merasa seperti seorang pencari suaka. |
6) Berikut adalah beberapa masalah penerjemahan yang mungkin timbul ketika Anda menerjemahkan beberapa paragraf teks naratif tersebut serta strategi penerjemahan yang dapat Anda terapkan untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah tersebut.
Penerapan teknik-teknik penerjemahan TSu yang tepat untuk paragraf 8—11 berikut dan alasan pemilihannya diberi bobot nilai maksimal 20 (5 x 4 = 20).
Paragraf 8:
Dalam paragraf ke-8, terdapat enam masalah penerjemahan yang perlu dicarikan strategi penerjemahannya ke bahasa Indonesia.
(1) Pemilihan laras bahasa/register berdasarkan situasi berbahasa, melalui pemadanan: ... I :: aku [ragam bahasa non formal]; Where are you from? :: Anda berasal dari mana?; How did you obtain a British passport? :: Bagaimana Anda mendapatkan paspor Inggris? [ragam bahasa formal]
(2) Teknik deskripsi (descriptive) dengan cara memberi penjelasan singkat, melalui pemadanan: fellow travellers ::orang-orang yang sedang malakukan perjalanan;
(3) Teknik modulasi (modulation) yang ditandai dengan perbedaan sudut pandang secara semantis, melalui pemadanan: Yet when I approach, trouble always follows :: Namun, ketika giliranku tiba, selalu saja ada masalah;
(4) Teknik transposisi (transposisiiton/shift) yaitu perubahan konstruksi kalimat TSu dalam TSa menurut kaidah BSa, melalui pemadanan: Have you ever been in trouble with immigration? :: Apakah Anda pernah berurusan dengan pihakimigrasi?;
(5) Teknik penambahan (addition/contextual conditioning) melalui penambahan kata ‘imigrasi’ pemadanan: the official says :: petugas imigrasi itu berkata kepadaku.
Paragraf 9:
Dalam paragraf ke-9, terdapat dua masalah penerjemahan yang perlu dicarikan strategi penerjemahannya ke bahasa Indonesia.
(1) Teknik transposisi, melalui pemadanan: ... Returning from my most recent trip, I took my regular seat near the control desk :: Sekembali dari perjalanan yang terakhir, aku selalu disuruh duduk dekat meja pemeriksaan; I hear from other Somalis that things are improving now :: Saya dengar dari orang-orang Somalia bahwa sekarang situasi di sana sudah berangsur-angsur membaik;
(2) Teknik eksplisitasi (explicitation) yaitu mengungkapkan sesuatu yang implisit dalam TSu secara eksplisit dalam TSa, melalui pemadanan: That is what I would like to talk to you about :: Masalah itu yang ingin saya bicarakan denganAnda.
Paragraf 10:
Dalam paragraf ke-10, terdapat empat masalah penerjemahan yang perlu dicarikan strategi penerjemahannya ke bahasa Indonesia.
(1) Laras bahasa/register melalui penggunaan adverbia particularly dalam TSu ... I didn't particularly want to talk about Somalia. :: ... aku sama sekali tidak ingin membicarakan tentang Somalia [ragam bahasa non formal];
(2) Teknik transposisi, melalui pemadanan: Don't try and be difficult :: Saya minta Anda tidak mempersulit’;
(3) Teknik modulasi, melalui pemadanan: I'll detain you if you don't answer my questions :: Saya dapat menahan Anda jika Anda tidak menjawab pertanyaan saya;
(4) Teknik transposisi, melalui pemadanan: And so it continued for another 15 minutes, during which he continued with his threats and with calling me an "idiot" and a "bad person", claiming "you will die angry and the world would be a better place without people like you" :: Interogasi itu berlanjut selama 15 menit kemudian. Ia selalu mengancam dan memanggilku 'idiot' dan 'orang jahat'. Anda akan mati kelaparan dan tanpa orang seperti Anda dunia ini akan lebih baik.
Paragraf 11:
Pada paragraf ke-11, terdapat beberapa fenomena penerjemahan yang menarik yang dapat diatasi dengan menerapkan sebuah teknik penerjemahan.
(1) Teknik transposisi melalui penerjemahan kalimat majemuk (complex sentence) dan kalimat pengandaian (conditional sentence) menggunakan ‘if’ dalam TSu If there is one thing I've learned from such encounters, it is that carrying a British passport doesn't necessarily make you feel British menjadi kalimat majemuk dan tidak lagi berupa kalimat pengandaianAda sebuah pelajaran yang aku dapat dari kejadian tersebut, yaitu membawa paspor Inggris tidak selalu membuat Anda merasa sebagai orang Inggris.
Salah satu alasan kenapa hal tersebut dilakukan adalah untuk menghindari keterikan TSa pada konstruksi kalimat TSu sehingga aspek kewajaran (naturalness) dalam TSa dapat terpenuhi.
Fenomena kedua adalah penerjemahan frase a multi-award winning journalist ke bahasa Indonesia. Salah satu teknik penerjemahannya adalah dengan memecah-mecah frase itu menjadi komponen-komponen pembentunya yang lebih kecil, yaitu a journalist :: seorang wartawan; a winning journalist :: seorang wartawan yang berhasil memenangkan; a multi-award winning journalist :: seorang wartawan yang berhasil memenangkan berbagai penghargaan. Perlu diingat bahwa adjektiva (winning) yang paling dekat dengan nomina journalist diterjemahkan lebih dulu, diikuti dengan adjektiva multi-award, dst.
Fenomena penerjemahan yang sama juga terjadi pada penerjemahan frase British passport holders' queue :: antrian parapemegang paspor Inggris.
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